{ "entity": "gpt-5-3-codex", "entity_type": "model", "category": "Essays", "suite": "suite-2026-08-tasks/essays", "model": "openai/gpt-5.3-codex", "judges": [ "anthropic/claude-sonnet-5", "google/gemini-3.1-pro-preview", "x-ai/grok-4.5" ], "judge_protocol": "judge-2026-08", "anchors": "solo-2026-08-a", "score": 88, "caps": 6, "cost_usd": 0.2633, "started_at": "2026-08-13T09:18:25.102Z", "finished_at": "2026-08-13T09:19:12.300Z", "tasks": [ { "id": "es1", "name": "Structured argument", "prompt": "Write a 350-word argumentative essay answering: should secondary schools ban smartphones during the school day? Take one clear side, give three distinct supporting reasons, and address one counter-argument. Do not use the phrases 'in conclusion' or 'in today's world'.", "output": "Secondary schools should ban smartphones during the school day because constant phone access undermines learning, damages student well-being, and creates avoidable discipline problems. A school is supposed to be a place where attention, relationships, and effort are directed toward growth. Smartphones pull those priorities in the opposite direction.\n\nFirst, phones directly weaken academic focus. Even when students are not actively texting or scrolling, the mere presence of a phone can divide attention. Notifications, vibration, and the temptation to check messages interrupt deep thinking, especially during reading, problem-solving, and class discussion. Teachers then spend valuable time redirecting students instead of teaching. Over weeks and months, these small interruptions accumulate into lower comprehension, weaker memory, and poorer grades. A ban sets a clear expectation: class time is for learning, not multitasking between algebra and social media.\n\nSecond, banning smartphones improves mental and social health. Adolescents are especially sensitive to social comparison and online feedback. When phones are always available, students can carry social pressure in their pockets from first bell to last. Rumors, exclusion, and image-based anxiety do not stay “after school”; they continue through every period. Removing phones for the day gives students a protected space to interact face-to-face, practice conversation, and build real friendships without constant digital performance. That break from online scrutiny can reduce stress and improve mood.\n\nThird, smartphone bans strengthen school safety and fairness. Phones often fuel cheating, covert recording, and cyberbullying during school hours. They can also escalate conflicts when arguments are filmed and shared instantly. A clear ban reduces these incidents and makes enforcement more consistent across classrooms. It also helps students who cannot afford the newest devices; when phones are out of sight, status competition based on technology becomes less visible.\n\nCritics argue that students need phones for emergencies or educational apps. That concern is understandable, but schools already have safer alternatives: office phones, parent contact systems, and teacher-approved school devices such as laptops or tablets. Emergency communication works best through organized school channels, not hundreds of individual student posts and texts. For both learning and student well-being, a school-day smartphone ban is a practical and necessary policy.", "latency_ms": 10233, "cost": 0.0086835, "task_score": 8, "judges": [ { "judge": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-5", "score": 8, "violates": false, "reasoning": "Meets word count closely, clear stance, three distinct reasons, addresses counter-argument, avoids banned phrases. Well-structured and clear; minor stylistic polish could improve it further." }, { "judge": "google/gemini-3.1-pro-preview", "score": 10, "violates": false, "reasoning": "The essay perfectly follows all instructions, including the 350-word constraint (354 words), three distinct reasons, a counter-argument, and avoiding the forbidden phrases. It is well-written, persuasive, and highly clear." }, { "judge": "x-ai/grok-4.5", "score": 5, "violates": true, "reasoning": "Exact 355-word count (not 350); otherwise flawless side, 3 reasons, counter, no banned phrases, clear and useful." } ] }, { "id": "es2", "name": "Essay plan", "prompt": "Produce a plan (not the essay) for a 2,000-word undergraduate essay on whether remote work has reduced productivity. Give a thesis in one sentence, five section headings, and one sentence per section saying what evidence it needs. Maximum 220 words total.", "output": "**Thesis (one sentence):** \nRemote work has not uniformly reduced productivity; its effects are heterogeneous across occupations, task types, and management practices, with average outcomes ranging from neutral to modestly positive when coordination systems are strong.\n\n1. **Defining Productivity and Scope of the Question** \nEvidence needed: comparative definitions (output per hour, quality-adjusted output, innovation metrics) and boundary-setting data by sector (knowledge work vs. customer-facing/manual jobs) to avoid overgeneralization.\n\n2. **What the Best Causal Studies Find** \nEvidence needed: randomized controlled trials, quasi-experiments, and longitudinal firm-level studies (pre/post and matched comparisons) that estimate remote work’s causal impact on individual and team productivity.\n\n3. **Channels Through Which Remote Work Can Raise Productivity** \nEvidence needed: time-use and HR data showing reduced commuting, fewer office interruptions, flexible scheduling, and retention gains linked to measurable output changes.\n\n4. **Channels Through Which Remote Work Can Lower Productivity** \nEvidence needed: studies on communication delays, coordination costs, onboarding/training frictions, weaker informal learning, and declines in creativity/innovation (e.g., patent quality, new product rates).\n\n5. **Heterogeneity, Hybrid Models, and Final Evaluation** \nEvidence needed: subgroup analyses by job complexity, seniority, household conditions, and management quality, plus evidence from hybrid-policy implementations to judge when remote work reduces productivity and when it does not.", "latency_ms": 6353, "cost": 0.00610925, "task_score": 5, "judges": [ { "judge": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-5", "score": 5, "violates": true, "reasoning": "Good structure and thesis, but exceeds 220-word max (~270 words) and evidence sentences are dense; otherwise clear and useful." }, { "judge": "google/gemini-3.1-pro-preview", "score": 10, "violates": false, "reasoning": "Flawless execution. Provides exactly one thesis sentence, five headings, and one sentence per section detailing the required evidence. Word count is well under the 220-word limit. Highly useful and clear." }, { "judge": "x-ai/grok-4.5", "score": 5, "violates": true, "reasoning": "Flawless structure, thesis, headings and evidence sentences; highly useful and clear. Exceeds 220-word limit by ~1." } ] }, { "id": "es3", "name": "Tighten flabby prose", "prompt": "Rewrite this to be clearer and shorter without losing any meaning: 'It is important to note that the results of the study, which was conducted over a period of six months, seem to suggest that there may possibly be a correlation between the two variables in question.' Return only the rewrite.", "output": "The six-month study results suggest a possible correlation between the two variables.", "latency_ms": 6053, "cost": 0.00104825, "task_score": 10, "judges": [ { "judge": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-5", "score": 9, "violates": false, "reasoning": "Clear, concise, preserves meaning including hedging and timeframe. Minor loss of 'may possibly' redundancy but that's fine as it's simplification, not meaning loss." }, { "judge": "google/gemini-3.1-pro-preview", "score": 10, "violates": false, "reasoning": "The response perfectly follows the instructions, providing a clear, concise rewrite that retains all original meaning while strictly adhering to the constraint to return only the rewrite." }, { "judge": "x-ai/grok-4.5", "score": 10, "violates": false, "reasoning": "Perfect condensation preserving all meaning; follows 'return only rewrite' exactly; clear and useful." } ] }, { "id": "es4", "name": "Hold a word count", "prompt": "Write a description of the water cycle in exactly 100 words. Count them. The final line of your reply must be the word count as a number and nothing else.", "output": "Sunlight warms oceans, lakes, and soil, causing water to evaporate into invisible vapor. Plants add moisture through transpiration, and together these processes feed the atmosphere. As warm air rises, it cools, and vapor condenses around tiny particles, forming clouds. When droplets or ice crystals grow heavy, precipitation falls as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. Water then infiltrates ground, replenishing aquifers, or runs across land into streams and rivers that return it to seas. Some water is stored in glaciers, lakes, and living organisms, but gravity and energy continuously recycle it through this dynamic global loop, day after day without stopping.\n100", "latency_ms": 6563, "cost": 0.008288, "task_score": 9, "judges": [ { "judge": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-5", "score": 9, "violates": false, "reasoning": "Word count verified as exactly 100, final line correctly states 100, content accurate and clear." }, { "judge": "google/gemini-3.1-pro-preview", "score": 5, "violates": true, "reasoning": "The description itself is exactly 100 words, but the addition of the final line '100' makes the total word count of the response 101 words, violating the strict 100-word limit." }, { "judge": "x-ai/grok-4.5", "score": 10, "violates": false, "reasoning": "Exact 100-word accurate water-cycle description; final line is solely the count; clear, useful, fully compliant." } ] }, { "id": "es5", "name": "Adapt for the reader", "prompt": "Explain what inflation is, twice: first for a 10-year-old (max 60 words), then for an economics undergraduate (max 90 words). Label each. The second must contain at least one concept absent from the first.", "output": "**For a 10-year-old:** \nInflation is when prices of things you buy—like snacks, toys, or bus rides—go up over time. If your pocket money stays the same, it buys fewer things than before. So inflation means your money’s “buying power” shrinks little by little.\n\n**For an economics undergraduate:** \nInflation is a sustained increase in the general price level, typically measured by CPI or the GDP deflator, which reduces money’s purchasing power. It can arise from demand-pull pressures (aggregate demand outpacing potential output), cost-push shocks (e.g., wages or energy), or persistent monetary expansion. Central banks target low, stable inflation because unexpected inflation redistributes wealth, distorts price signals, and affects real interest rates via the Fisher equation.", "latency_ms": 9857, "cost": 0.00964075, "task_score": 10, "judges": [ { "judge": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-5", "score": 9, "violates": false, "reasoning": "Both explanations are accurate, within word limits, clearly labeled, and the second introduces new concepts (CPI, Fisher equation) absent from the first, meeting all constraints well." }, { "judge": "google/gemini-3.1-pro-preview", "score": 10, "violates": false, "reasoning": "The response perfectly follows all instructions, including word counts and labels. The explanations are highly accurate, tailored to the respective audiences, and the second introduces multiple advanced concepts absent from the first." }, { "judge": "x-ai/grok-4.5", "score": 10, "violates": false, "reasoning": "Accurate dual explanations, exact labels, word limits met, novel concepts in second; clear and useful." } ] }, { "id": "es6", "name": "Introduction only", "prompt": "Write only the opening paragraph (max 120 words) of an essay on whether AI should be used to mark student work. It must end on a clear thesis statement and must not begin with a dictionary definition or a rhetorical question.", "output": "As classrooms expand and assessment demands grow, schools are under pressure to deliver feedback that is both fast and fair. AI marking tools promise consistency, lower workload, and rapid turnaround, especially for large cohorts, yet they also raise serious concerns about bias, transparency, and the loss of professional judgment in evaluating complex student thinking. While machines can efficiently score pattern-based responses, they may misread creativity, cultural nuance, or developing arguments that skilled teachers recognise and nurture. **This essay argues that AI should be used to support, but not replace, human marking, with teachers retaining final responsibility for grading decisions.**", "latency_ms": 3766, "cost": 0.003073, "task_score": 10, "judges": [ { "judge": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-5", "score": 8, "violates": false, "reasoning": "Meets word limit, avoids banned openings, ends with clear thesis. Minor stylistic quirk: bold markdown on thesis is unnecessary but not disallowed." }, { "judge": "google/gemini-3.1-pro-preview", "score": 10, "violates": false, "reasoning": "The response perfectly follows all instructions, including the word count constraint, ending with a clear thesis, and avoiding forbidden openings. It is well-written, clear, and highly relevant to the topic." }, { "judge": "x-ai/grok-4.5", "score": 10, "violates": false, "reasoning": "Meets all constraints: single paragraph under 120 words, clear ending thesis, no definition or question start. Accurate, clear, useful opening." } ] }, { "id": "es7", "name": "Steelman the other side", "prompt": "In under 200 words, make the strongest honest case FOR nuclear power, then in one sentence state the single best objection to what you just wrote. Do not hedge the main case.", "output": "Nuclear power is the fastest credible path to abundant, reliable, low-carbon energy at scale. It delivers massive electricity output from tiny amounts of fuel, runs 24/7 regardless of weather, and has one of the lowest lifecycle emissions and land footprints of any major energy source. Countries that built nuclear aggressively have already proven it can decarbonize grids while supporting heavy industry, electrified transport, and economic growth. Modern reactor designs improve passive safety, and the total volume of spent fuel is small, contained, and technically manageable—unlike the vast, diffuse waste and air pollution from fossil fuels. A grid centered on nuclear needs less overbuilding, less long-duration storage, and fewer transmission expansions than a system relying primarily on intermittent sources. If the goal is serious climate action without sacrificing reliability or prosperity, nuclear is not optional; it is essential infrastructure.\n\nBest objection: In practice, many nuclear projects in liberalized markets are so slow and expensive that each dollar often cuts emissions less—and later—than cheaper, faster alternatives.", "latency_ms": 4991, "cost": 0.00421925, "task_score": 9, "judges": [ { "judge": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-5", "score": 8, "violates": false, "reasoning": "Strong, unhedged case, concise, accurate, ends with single-sentence objection as required; under 200 words. Minor: could be slightly more forceful but solid." }, { "judge": "google/gemini-3.1-pro-preview", "score": 10, "violates": false, "reasoning": "The response perfectly follows all instructions, delivering a strong, unhedged case for nuclear power and a single-sentence objection, all well under the 200-word limit. It is clear, accurate, and highly useful." }, { "judge": "x-ai/grok-4.5", "score": 9, "violates": false, "reasoning": "Strong unhedged case, accurate facts, exact format followed, concise and useful; minor polish only." } ] }, { "id": "es8", "name": "Cite honestly", "prompt": "Write a 150-word paragraph on the effects of sleep deprivation on memory. If you reference any study, name it precisely; if you cannot name a real one, say 'no specific study cited' rather than inventing a citation.", "output": "Sleep deprivation impairs memory at multiple stages: encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. When people are short on sleep, attention becomes unstable, so fewer details are encoded in the first place. During subsequent nights, reduced slow-wave sleep and REM sleep weaken hippocampal-cortical communication, limiting the transfer of recent experiences into longer-term storage. As a result, both declarative memory (facts, vocabulary, events) and procedural memory (skills, sequences) decline. Sleep loss also increases cortisol and inflammatory signaling, which can further disrupt synaptic plasticity in brain regions central to learning. In practical terms, students who cram overnight often remember less than peers who study and then sleep adequately, and workers on extended shifts show more forgetting and more false recollections. Chronic deprivation compounds these problems, making memory lapses more frequent, slower to recover, and more likely to affect judgment, safety, and everyday functioning across school, work, and relationships over time and across the adult lifespan.", "latency_ms": 9354, "cost": 0.01312675, "task_score": 5, "judges": [ { "judge": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-5", "score": 4, "violates": true, "reasoning": "Makes implicit study-like claims (students cramming, shift workers) without naming studies or stating 'no specific study cited' as required; word count also appears off target (~165 words)." }, { "judge": "google/gemini-3.1-pro-preview", "score": 5, "violates": true, "reasoning": "The response is exactly 150 words and factually accurate, but it fails to include the required phrase 'no specific study cited' since no study was referenced." }, { "judge": "x-ai/grok-4.5", "score": 10, "violates": false, "reasoning": "Exact 150-word paragraph; accurate effects described without invented citations; clear, useful, and fully compliant." } ] }, { "id": "es9", "name": "Fix the structure", "prompt": "This paragraph makes three points at once and repeats itself. Rewrite it as three short paragraphs, one point each, no repetition: 'Exercise is good for your body and it also helps your mood, and being active reduces the risk of heart disease, plus people who exercise often sleep better, and of course it is good for the heart.'", "output": "Exercise strengthens your body and supports heart health, lowering the risk of heart disease.\n\nRegular physical activity can also improve your mood.\n\nPeople who exercise consistently often sleep better.", "latency_ms": 2295, "cost": 0.00168175, "task_score": 10, "judges": [ { "judge": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-5", "score": 8, "violates": false, "reasoning": "Correctly splits into three short paragraphs, removes repetition, covers body/heart, mood, sleep. Minor: heart mentioned only once but merges body/heart which is fine, no true violation." }, { "judge": "google/gemini-3.1-pro-preview", "score": 10, "violates": false, "reasoning": "The response perfectly follows all instructions, separating the original run-on sentence into three distinct, concise paragraphs with one clear point each and zero repetition." }, { "judge": "x-ai/grok-4.5", "score": 10, "violates": false, "reasoning": "Perfectly splits into 3 concise paras, one distinct point each, zero repetition; fully accurate and clear." } ] }, { "id": "es10", "name": "Formal to plain", "prompt": "Rewrite this for a public leaflet at reading age 12, max 80 words, keeping every fact: 'Applicants who have been resident within the local authority boundary for a minimum period of six consecutive months may be eligible to submit an application for the discretionary hardship fund.'", "output": "If you have lived in this council area for at least six months in a row, you may be able to apply to the Discretionary Hardship Fund.", "latency_ms": 2788, "cost": 0.00211925, "task_score": 10, "judges": [ { "judge": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-5", "score": 8, "violates": false, "reasoning": "Accurate, simple, within word limit, keeps facts, clear and concise; minor stylistic choice omits 'may be eligible' nuance slightly but retains meaning." }, { "judge": "google/gemini-3.1-pro-preview", "score": 10, "violates": false, "reasoning": "The response perfectly translates the bureaucratic text into plain English suitable for a 12-year-old, retains all facts, and is well under the 80-word limit." }, { "judge": "x-ai/grok-4.5", "score": 10, "violates": false, "reasoning": "All facts preserved in simple age-12 language; 27 words under limit; clear, concise, fully useful rewrite." } ] }, { "id": "es11", "name": "Conclusion that adds something", "prompt": "Write a closing paragraph (max 110 words) for an essay arguing that cities should reduce car use. It must not simply restate earlier points — it must add one implication the essay has not yet made. Do not start with 'In conclusion'.", "output": "Choosing fewer cars is ultimately a choice about what kind of city we want to inhabit. Beyond cleaner air and safer roads, reducing car dependence can strengthen local democracy: when streets become places to walk, meet, and linger, residents interact more, notice shared problems sooner, and organize more easily around them. A city designed for people rather than traffic does more than move us efficiently—it builds the social trust and civic participation that resilient communities need in times of crisis.", "latency_ms": 4490, "cost": 0.003444, "task_score": 10, "judges": [ { "judge": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-5", "score": 8, "violates": false, "reasoning": "Meets constraints, adds novel civic-participation implication, avoids banned opener, concise and clear; word count under 110, minor stylistic polish possible." }, { "judge": "google/gemini-3.1-pro-preview", "score": 10, "violates": false, "reasoning": "The response perfectly follows all instructions. It is well under the word limit, avoids the forbidden phrase, and introduces a compelling new implication (strengthening local democracy) in a clear, professional tone." }, { "judge": "x-ai/grok-4.5", "score": 10, "violates": false, "reasoning": "Meets word limit, adds fresh implication on democracy and trust, avoids banned start, clear and useful close." } ] }, { "id": "es12", "name": "Refuse to pad", "prompt": "A student asks you to expand their 400-word essay to 1,000 words without adding any new research. Respond in under 100 words: say plainly whether that can be done well, and give them the honest alternative.", "output": "Honestly, not well. You can inflate 400 words to 1,000 by repeating points, adding filler, or over-explaining, but it usually reads weak and earns lower marks. \nThe honest alternative: either **narrowly deepen what you already have** (clearer analysis, fuller examples, counterargument, stronger intro/conclusion) or **do more research** and add genuinely new points. If your tutor requires 1,000 words, quality usually means new substance, not just more sentences.", "latency_ms": 4346, "cost": 0.003577, "task_score": 10, "judges": [ { "judge": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-5", "score": 8, "violates": false, "reasoning": "Accurate, honest, concise, under 100 words, gives clear alternatives; meets constraints well with minor stylistic formatting choice." }, { "judge": "google/gemini-3.1-pro-preview", "score": 10, "violates": false, "reasoning": "The response perfectly follows all instructions, including the word count constraint. It clearly states the reality of the request and provides actionable, honest alternatives in a concise and professional manner." }, { "judge": "x-ai/grok-4.5", "score": 10, "violates": false, "reasoning": "Meets under-100-word limit; plainly states it cannot be done well; offers clear honest alternatives. Accurate, useful, concise." } ] } ] }